<p>Wireless  networks will typically operate on laptop computers, hand-held computers  and other battery-powered devices. As such, ad-hoc routing protocols  must be designed with the conservation of the device&rsquo;s energy in mind.  There is a conflict between the requirements that nodes in an ad-hoc  network must be willing to offer their services for forwarding packets  for other nodes, versus the desirability from an energy conservation  perspective that nodes sleep when they are not actively being used.</p>